Prevalence of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida in goats from selected farms in Selangor, Malaysia

Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida are natural inhabitants of the upper respiratory tract of healthy animals and can cause pneumonic pasteurellosis in stressed animals. Healthy animals are able to control the multiplication of these bacteria and the inhaled bacteria, if they migrate to the lungs, will be cleared by the host defense mechanisms. Stress and other infections will cause the breakdown of the host defense mechanisms. These will lead to multiplication of the bacteria and colonisation of the lungs. Outbreaks of pneumonia occur in 10 to 14 days post-stress exposure. These bacteria are gram-negative, facultative anaerobes and have rod-shaped morphology. The special characteristic of these bacteria is that they show bipolar staining characteristic under Giemsa and Wright’s stains. Mannheimia haemolytica is haemolytic on blood agar and O-nitrophenyl-β, D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) positive while Pasteurella multocida is non-haemolytic on blood agar and ONPG negative. Ninety six (96) nasopharyngeal swab samples were taken from 4 goat farms in Selangor, Malaysia and bacterial isolation and identification were carried out. Presumptive isolates were identified by biochemical tests. Out of the 96 samples, 3 were positive for Mannheimia haemolytica and 11 positive for Pasteurella multocida. This gives a 3.13% and 11.46% prevalence rate for Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella mutocida, respectively. The antibiotic sensitivity tests done on both isolates showed 29% were resistant to streptomycin and 21% resistant to compound sulfonamide. All isolates were sensitive to ampicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid whilst 93% was sensitive to oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin. Even with low prevalence of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida, it is important to control and prevent their infections and also to prevent further development of antimicrobial resistance as the disease is associated with these bacteria and have high economic impact

Kerja baikpulih bangunan komersial yang terbengkalai di kawasan Melaka Tengah

Industri pembinaan merupakan satu sektor yang menjadi pemangkin kepada pertumbuhan sosio-ekonomi dan sebahagian besar sumbernya digunakan kearah pembangunan yang pesat dalam pentadbiran negara. Projek-projek mega seperti Kuala lumpur internationa airport (KLIA), Pusat pentadbiran kerajaan di putrjaya dan banyak lagi pembinaan bangunan komersial yang menjadi tanda aras perkembangan yang memberangsangkan. Selain dari itu, pembangunan bagi sesuatu kawasan menyebabkan pertambahan penduduk. Ini menunjuk industri binaan merupakan salah satu sektor yang menyumbang dalam pembangunan dari aspek sosial dan ekonomi kepada sesuatu kawasan. Walaupun banyak teknologi dalam industri pembinaan telah digunakan pada masa kini, ia masih lagi tidak dapat mengawal kehadiran bangunan yang terbiar di Malaysia dan kesan kewujudan bangunan terbiar itu mengakibatkan kerugian kepada pelbagai pihak dan mengancam keselamatan penduduk sekitarnya

Predicting debt burden status among Malaysia civil servants / Mohamad Fazli Sabri ... [et al.]

The pressure of high inflation rate and increased cost of living has invoked the concerns over the problem of debt among civil servants in Malaysia. This paper aims to investigate the determinants of debt burden status within a civil servants’ sample. Questionnaires were distributed using a multi-stage random sampling method. A total of 600 responses were collected. Results from logistic regression showed several significant predictors of debt burden status, namely savings to income ratio, financial status, and income adequacy. This study outlined the predictors of debt burden status among Malaysian civil servants, providing civil servants with some ideas to counter debt issues which have been prevalent for a long time

Predicting debt burden status among Malaysia civil servants

The pressure of high inflation rate and increased cost of living has invoked the concerns over the problem of debt among civil servants in Malaysia. This paper aims to investigate the determinants of debt burden status within a civil servants’ sample. Questionnaires were distributed using a multi-stage random sampling method. A total of 600 responses were collected. Results from logistic regression showed several significant predictors of debt burden status, namely savings to income ratio, financial status, and income adequacy. This study outlined the predictors of debt burden status among Malaysian civil servants, providing civil servants with some ideas to counter debt issues which have been prevalent for a long time

Review of forced convection nanofluids through corrugated facing step

This paper presented the recent development of heat transfer enhancement through facing step and corrugated channels. Numerical simulation findings of the convective heat transfer with and without nanofluids have been investigated. The experimental trials to augment heat transfer in the facing step and corrugated channels by using conventional fluids and nanofluids are reported. Both of the laminar and turbulent flows through facing step and corrugated channels are introduced. There were good agreements among numerical and experimental studies to augment heat transfer. The significant applications of the engineering field have led many investigators to use nanofluid in the heat exchanger for heat transfer augmentation. New design of the corrugated facing step channel to enhance heat transfer is being proposed. The utilization of nanofluids will be useful in the new channel to enhance the heat transfer numerically and experimentally. The heat transfer enhancement was estimated up to 60% when using nanofluid in the facing step channel. Regression equations can correlate relationships among the responses and the input parameters. It is needed to compare the dimensions of the new channels that includes height of step, height of corrugated and shape of corrugated that might give an optimum heat transfer enhancement with a slight friction factor